21 Mar 2016
A debate has been raging in Indonesia over Singapore's management of airspace over Riau, with some saying Jakarta must reclaim the airspace as a matter of sovereignty and pride. Below is a translation of a commentary that appeared in Kompass on March 14, written by a former Indonesian air force chief.
In the Strait of Malacca, air traffic regulation of the airspace under the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia, which includes the Natuna Islands and Tanjung Pinang and the Riau Archipelago, comes under the Singapore aviation authority. This airspace is situated within, or is part of, the Singapore flight information region (FIR).
With such a status, all flights in this airspace are managed by the Singapore aviation authority.
Aside from flight routes, aircraft in that area must have obtained permission even at the time when its engines are ignited. In other words, we still have to seek permission from Singapore for all flight operations in that area, even though the area is still within our homeland.
This is indeed a very, very strange anomaly.
It means that in operating flights in that area, Indonesia is faced with numerous limitations and dependence because the power to regulate air traffic comes under the Singapore aviation authority.
This matter has been going on since 1946, that is, before Singapore even existed as a state on this earth. Unfortunately, until now, more than 70 years after we have gained independence, this situation still remains unchanged.
The sad part is that until now, several sides still view this matter as normal, and describe it as a problem that is purely associated with "aviation safety".
Singapore's stand on airspaceThe airspaces managed by a country are called flight information regions or FIR.
Such management is not a form of control that undermines the sovereignty of another nation but the provision of services by a designated country - a flight information service and an alerting service.
The provision of these services is brought about by global agreement, facilitated by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
Such arrangements have been accepted by nations for decades. Yet misconceptions still persist over FIRs, as reflected by the political turbulence created over Singapore's management of flights over some areas in Riau since 1946 - airspace allocated to it by the ICAO with the agreement of Indonesia.
Sovereignty does not come into the picture, as Indonesian leaders too have acknowledged. Indeed, the extent of Indonesia's own FIR overlaps Timor Leste's territorial airspace. That is a feature common in various parts of the world, including Europe, as it would be dysfunctional to strictly align FIRs with national boundaries.
Singapore recognises that Indonesia has a broad aviation development vision and is seeking to build up home-grown technical proficiency to better manage the FIRs across its territory. Indonesian leaders have indicated a time frame of three or four years to improve the skills of aviation personnel and upgrade air traffic control equipment. This is necessary before any formal proposals for change are tabled.
The next step would involve discussions with neighbouring countries, like Malaysia and Singapore, and the ICAO. These will need to address technical and operational matters to ensure that the flow of air traffic across the region is managed smoothly, efficiently and safely.
The FIR is not a sovereignty issue but an "aviation safety" problem. This is normal, for even many European countries also have their sovereign territory regulated by other countries. Indonesia's aviation authority also regulates Australia's sovereign territory in the Christmas Island sector, hence it is normal and not a problem because, once again, that is just a safety issue.
As for ourselves, we are not even able to thoroughly handle the management of the airspace over Soekarno-Hatta, so why bother to manage the Singapore FIR? And if left to us, we will not be able to manage it.
Many do not realise that Indonesia is the biggest country in the Asean region. Indonesia is situated at a very strategic location, especially in the context of air transportation in the Asean region.
From this aspect alone, it would certainly be very inappropriate if the management of Indonesia's sovereign airspace was submitted to a small country at Indonesia's border, an area that is a very congested global trading lane and also borders many other surrounding countries.
More than merely containing strategic significance in terms of the (value) of commerce and commodities, this is a problem of the nation's honour, the problem of nationalism, the problem of dignity, the problem of patriotism, the problem of a big nation's pride, and the problem of caring about the pride of a maritime nation (remember that we are the largest archipelagic state in the whole world).
We are not Europe! This is a problem of dignity! The problem of national awareness, the awareness of the dignified attitude of a nation! The pride that I Am An Indonesian!
And we have yet to broach the discussion on the love for our nation, which automatically makes every citizen of the country have an inherent duty to maintain the existence of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia!
No person or theory can dispute that regarding the country's defence system, the Strait of Malacca is a critical border area that should become the main focus of Indonesia's attention.
Remember, major wars in the course of world history were mainly caused by "border disputes". Therefore, it would be very naive if people were to subsequently say dismissively that this matter is normal and only an "aviation safety" issue.
These people do not properly realise the strategic and economic value of Indonesia's sovereign airspace in the Strait of Malacca. The strategic and economic value that is based on our dignity as a nation.
When we try to explain this important message, they then say, without any conscience at all, that this is not an issue that needs attention. And worse still, this is usually followed by an explanation that why not (let the situation continue), because we do not yet have enough funding or professional expert staff who are capable of handling all the tasks which are currently still managed by Singapore.
This is a reflection of an attitude of a strong inferiority complex.
Dr Paul Gitwaza said that an "inferiority complex begins when you agree that you are nothing. No one is responsible or author of it except yourself."
The problems of funding and human resources are two matters that can be tackled depending on our own will. There are many paths and ways of obtaining them, once again, depending on our will and fighting spirit. Unfortunately, a will and fighting spirit are indeed not in the vocabulary of people with an inferiority complex.
Get up, let's fight! An inferiority complex is the toll road towards becoming a nation of coolies!
[Comment online:
Quotes from the article (sort of summary):
First his "concession" or understanding of the reality:
"The FIR is not a sovereignty issue but an "aviation safety" problem. This is normal, for even many European countries also have their sovereign territory regulated by other countries... it is normal and not a problem because, once again, that is just a safety issue... if left to us, we will not be able to manage it.."
Not sure if he is being candid or sarcastic in the above.Now he starts his argument for why this is not normal or acceptable:
"Indonesia is the biggest country in the Asean region."
"From this aspect alone, it would certainly be very inappropriate if the management of Indonesia's sovereign airspace was submitted to a small country at Indonesia's border..."
Let me paraphrase his argument so far: Indonesia Big! Singapore Small! And now to the rest of his argument, which because this is Indonesia, let's get straight to the heart of the matter, which is... the matter of the heart (emotions):
"...this is a problem of the nation's honour, the problem of nationalism, the problem of dignity, the problem of patriotism, the problem of a big nation's pride, and the problem of caring about the pride of a maritime nation..."
So basically, his argument is Indonesian Pride First, Aviation Safety be damned.
And that's probably how Indonesia's airlines are rated the worst in the world for safety. Here's an excerpt from this report on Indonesia's aviation potential
"Indonesia has had at least one hull loss every year since 2010. In the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program (USOAP), Indonesia was assessed as below the global average. The US Federation Aviation Administration downgraded Indonesia to Category 2 in its International Aviation Safety Assessment program. And the EU continues to have a ban on all but five Indonesian carriers."
But that's airline safety. What about their ability to manage air traffic, which is the issue here? This is what pilots have to say:
"Pilots in Indonesia say the archipelago nation’s air-traffic control system is unsophisticated and doesn’t do enough to help airliners contend with poor flying conditions..."
But hey, Indonesia big. Singapore small. Remember that. That is all that is important. And that will never change.
Indonesia's Air Travel Sector is booming. And growth is straining their infrastructure, and eroding already poor safety.
In some places music stations and phone calls interfere with radio frequencies used by airports and aircraft, causing communication breakdowns with the air traffic control authorities.
Sometimes the air traffic control radar fails, as it did in Bali on July 15 [2012], creating delays and potentially dangerous confusion.
“They know who you are, but they don’t know where you are,” the pilot said.
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